ARMSTRONG, Lance (doping scandal)
Lance Armstrong won seven consecutive Tours de France before an anti-doping investigation led to the loss of all seven titles.
Armstrong returned to professional cycling after treatment for testicular cancer and won the Tour de France each year from 1999 through 2005. He denied doping for years while allegations followed his racing career.
In 2012 the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency set out its case in a Reasoned Decision. It drew on sworn statements from eleven of Armstrong’s former teammates, among them Floyd Landis, Tyler Hamilton, and George Hincapie. The riders described drug use within the U.S. Postal Service team and how team staff supported it. Investigators also reviewed financial and laboratory records.
Armstrong received a lifetime ban and lost all seven Tour titles. In a January 2013 interview with Oprah Winfrey, he acknowledged that he had used banned methods and substances in each of those victories.
Another entry in this category is JOHNSON, Ben (doping scandal).
Bibliography:
- U.S. Anti-Doping Agency. Reasoned Decision on Disqualification and Ineligibility: Lance Armstrong. October 10, 2012.
- Armstrong, Lance with Sally Jenkins. It's Not About the Bike: My Journey Back to Life. Putnam, 2000.
- Hamilton, Tyler and Daniel Coyle. The Secret Race: Inside the Hidden World of the Tour de France. Bantam Books, 2012.
- Macur, Juliet. Cycle of Lies: The Fall of Lance Armstrong. HarperCollins, 2014.